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1
2020-03-01
2021-02-28
COUNTY BUILDING SERVICES LIMITED
Financial statements
28 February 2021
Company registration number
06815179
COUNTY BUILDING SERVICES LIMITED
Contents
Strategic report
Directors report
Independent auditor's report to the members
Statement of comprehensive income
Statement of financial position
Statement of changes in equity
Statement of cash flows
Notes to the financial statements
COUNTY BUILDING SERVICES LIMITED
Directors and other information
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Directors
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Mr M P Killick
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Mr S Killick
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Mr B Killick
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Secretary
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Mr S Killick
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Company number
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06815179
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Registered office
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Poplar Farm
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Ivychurch
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New Romney
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Kent
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TN29 0AU
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Business address
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Poplar Farm
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Ivy Church
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New Romney
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Kent
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TN29 0AU
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Auditor
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JADAudit Limited
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4 Bloors Lane
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Rainham
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Gillingham
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Kent
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Accountants
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J.A.D. Associates Limited
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4 Bloors Lane
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Rainham
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Gillingham
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Kent
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COUNTY BUILDING SERVICES LIMITED
Strategic report
Year ended 28 February 2021
The director presents the strategic report for the year ended 28 February 2021.
Review of the business
The principal activity during the year continues to be providing labour and services to Civil Engineering contractors.The key financial and other performance indicators during the year were as follows:
2021
2020
Change
£,000
£,000
%
Turnover
15,895
11,334
+40
Operating profit
5,757
2,040
+182
Profit after tax
4,638
1,698
+173
Current assets as % of current liabilities ('quick ratio')
257
257
-
The year ended February 21 was extremely busy for the company. The business was generally able to work through the various lockdowns and restrictions arising from the Coronavirus pandemic. Many contractors accelerated their work patterns, taking advantage of lower traffic levels and closures to the general public. We ended the year in a very strong position and presented a satisfactory set of results
At time of writing we have seen a turndown in the level of business in the current financial year with several contractors or ultimate customers suffering budgetary restraints. The supply chain remains challenging with most consumable costs increasing and the availability of products remaining restricted or supply laboriously slow.
Principal risks and uncertainties
In common with most other businesses the company faces pressure from organisations pursuing the same contracts. The directors consider that a competitive advantage is maintained because of the depth of experience in the industry of the management team as well as a detailed understanding of the market.The company is subject to regulatory and legislative risks. Breaches in regulations or applicable law can result in fines or exclusion from certain contracts. To combat this the company maintains robust compliance and legal monitoring controls.The company's overhead base is low and the risk arising from a downturn in business is considered to be low as the company is flexible enough to downsize or gear up quickly in reaction to changing market conditions.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the company. Exposure to credit risk in relation to customers is managed through credit control processes which include active debtor management.
Liquidity risks
Liquidity risk is the risk that County Building Services Limited will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The company's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure as far as possible, that we will always have sufficient liquidity to meet liabilities when due under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the company's reputation.Considering the risk mitigation activities in place, the company's exposure to liquidity and credit risk is considered to be within normal parameters and represents an acceptable level of risk.
Environment
At County Building Services Limited we take a robust approach, considering every detail in our procurement of products and services, system design, client interfaces and employee training. The company is committed to reducing CO2 emissions and helping to tackle global climate change by offsetting our in-house carbon footprint. To control our emissions we continue to invest in maintaining a modern fleet which ensures better fuel efficiency and guarantees we meet the current emissions standard. All our equipment is serviced regularly as per manufacturer guidelines to ensure it continues to run efficiently and is reliable.
Development
We are constantly searching out new opportunities within the business. The company is recognised as innovative in problem solving and dealing with specialist projects.
This report was approved by the board of directors on 24 February 2022 and signed on behalf of the board by:
Mr M P Killick
Director
COUNTY BUILDING SERVICES LIMITED
Directors report
Year ended 28 February 2021
The directors present their report and the financial statements of the company for the year ended 28 February 2021.
Directors
The directors who served the company during the year were as follows:
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Mr M P Killick
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Mr S Killick
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Mr B Killick
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Dividends
Particulars of recommended dividends are detailed in note 12 to the financial statements.
Financial instruments
There is no material exposure to price risk, credit risk, liquidity risk or cash flow risk not covered in the strategic report.
Directors responsibilities statement
The directors are responsible for preparing the strategic report, directors report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and the profit or loss of the company for that period.
In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:
-
select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
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make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and
-
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
Auditor
Each of the persons who is a director at the date of approval of this report confirms that:
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so far as they are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company's auditor is unaware; and - they have taken all steps that they ought to have taken as a director to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company's auditor is aware of that information.
The auditor is deemed to have been re-appointed in accordance with section 487 of the Companies Act 2006.
This report was approved by the board of directors on
24 February 2022
and signed on behalf of the board by:
Mr M P Killick
Director
COUNTY BUILDING SERVICES LIMITED
Independent auditor's report to the members of
County Building Services Limited
Year ended 28 February 2021
Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of County Building Services Limited (the 'company') for the year ended 28 February 2021 which comprise the statement of comprehensive income, statement of financial position, statement of changes in equity, statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). In our opinion, the financial statements: - give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 28 February 2021 and of its profit for the year then ended; - have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and - have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
Other Information
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
-
the information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
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the strategic report and the directors' report has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors' report. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: - adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or - the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and the returns; or - certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or - we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: We obtained an understanding of laws and regulations that apply to the company including those that have a direct effect on the determination of amounts and disclosures in the financial statements and those other laws and regulations that do not have a direct effect on financial statement amounts and disclosures but compliance with which may be fundamental to the operation and continuation of the business, or to avoidance of material penalties. We obtained our understanding through discussions with management and those charged with governance, and from independent research and prior knowledge of the business sector as recorded on our permanent file. We determined that the most significant laws and regulations included UK GAAP, the Companies Act 2006 and taxation law. Laws and regulations relating to employment, health and safety and the environment may also have significant impact on the company's business.Our audit procedures were then designed to obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence to provide a basis for our audit opinion on the financial statements, including identification of non-compliance with relevant laws and regulations.The audit engagement principal selected an audit engagement team with appropriate competence and capabilities to carry out the required audit work. The chosen team discussed matters about the audit process including non-compliance with relevant laws and regulations and how fraud might occur, including what the potential indicators of fraud might be.The engagement team maintained professional scepticism throughout the audit, recognising the possibility of material misstatement, arising from acts of omission or commission, either intentional or unintentional, which are contrary to laws or regulations, notwithstanding prior experience of the honesty and integrity of the entity's management and of those charged with governance.We performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected transactions, balances, patterns or trends that may indicate a potentially material misstatement.We made enquiries of management, those charged with governance and other third parties and we corroborated enquiries through review of internal documentation and confirmation to third party documentation. Where documentary evidence was unavailable the information provided to us was included in the letter of representation signed on behalf of the Board of Directors. We considered the control environment within the company and specifically enquired of management regarding their own assessment of the risks of fraud and error.The company is controlled by the members of one family. The audit team could not therefore ignore management override of controls as an area where the financial statements could be susceptible to material misstatement. Audit procedures to address this risk included, but were not limited to, testing the appropriateness of journal entries, assessing accounting estimates to challenge potential bias and evaluating the rationale for any significant transactions outside the normal course of business, particularly those involving related parties. Audit work does not look at all transactions and balances in the financial statements. We use systematic sampling methods selecting transactions and balances guided by materiality. Materiality is a figure which we, with professional judgment, decide is the amount by which something in the financial statements could change without causing a reader of those financial statements to change their opinion on the company's results and financial position. There is a consequent risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements. We may also not detect non-compliance where non-compliance is not measured in financial terms.
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK), we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. we also: - Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. - Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the internal control. - Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors. - Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the company to cease to continue as a going concern. - Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
Use of our report
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditors report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Wendy Draper BSc FCA
(Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of
JADAudit Limited
Chartered Accountants
4 Bloors Lane
Rainham
Gillingham
Kent
25 February 2022
COUNTY BUILDING SERVICES LIMITED
Statement of comprehensive income
Year ended 28 February 2021
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2021
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2020
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Note
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£
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£
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Turnover
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4
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15,894,551
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11,334,442
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Cost of sales
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(
9,445,102)
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(
8,621,490)
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|
|
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_______
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|
_______
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Gross profit
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6,449,449
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2,712,952
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Administrative expenses
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|
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|
(
699,867)
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|
(
672,837)
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Other operating income
|
|
5
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|
7,463
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
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_______
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_______
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Operating profit
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|
6
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5,757,045
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2,040,115
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Other interest receivable and similar income
|
|
9
|
|
1,705
|
|
4,289
|
|
|
Interest payable and similar expenses
|
|
10
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|
(
16,990)
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|
(
5,382)
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|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
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|
_______
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|
|
Profit before taxation
|
|
|
|
5,741,760
|
|
2,039,022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Tax on profit
|
|
11
|
|
(
1,104,263)
|
|
(
340,761)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
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_______
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|
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Profit for the financial year and total comprehensive income
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|
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4,637,497
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1,698,261
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_______
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_______
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All the activities of the company are from continuing operations.
COUNTY BUILDING SERVICES LIMITED
Statement of financial position
28 February 2021
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2021
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2020
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Note
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£
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£
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£
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£
|
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Fixed assets
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|
|
|
|
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Tangible assets
|
|
13
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1,033,931
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|
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359,270
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|
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_______
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_______
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1,033,931
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|
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359,270
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|
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|
|
|
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Current assets
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stocks
|
|
14
|
18,950
|
|
|
|
35,410
|
|
|
Debtors
|
|
15
|
3,917,838
|
|
|
|
3,417,789
|
|
|
Cash at bank and in hand
|
|
|
2,820,793
|
|
|
|
1,689,044
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,757,581
|
|
|
|
5,142,243
|
|
|
Creditors: amounts falling due
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
within one year
|
|
16
|
(
2,622,058)
|
|
|
|
(
1,990,661)
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
Net current assets
|
|
|
|
|
4,135,523
|
|
|
|
3,151,582
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
_______
|
Total assets less current liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
5,169,454
|
|
|
|
3,510,852
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Creditors: amounts falling due
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
after more than one year
|
|
17
|
|
|
(
365,643)
|
|
|
|
(
12,232)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provisions for liabilities
|
|
18
|
|
|
(
83,030)
|
|
|
|
(
55,260)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
_______
|
Net assets
|
|
|
|
|
4,720,781
|
|
|
|
3,443,360
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital and reserves
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Called up share capital
|
|
21
|
|
|
104
|
|
|
|
102
|
Fair value reserve
|
|
|
|
|
45,825
|
|
|
|
-
|
Profit and loss account
|
|
|
|
|
4,674,852
|
|
|
|
3,443,258
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
_______
|
Shareholders funds
|
|
|
|
|
4,720,781
|
|
|
|
3,443,360
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
These financial statements were approved by the
board of directors
and authorised for issue on
24 February 2022
, and are signed on behalf of the board by:
Mr M P Killick
Director
Company registration number:
06815179
COUNTY BUILDING SERVICES LIMITED
Statement of changes in equity
Year ended 28 February 2021
|
|
Called up share capital
|
|
Fair value reserve
|
|
Profit and loss account
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
£
|
|
£
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At 1 March 2019
|
|
102
|
|
-
|
|
2,340,328
|
2,340,430
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Profit for the year
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,698,261
|
1,698,261
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income for the year
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
1,698,261
|
1,698,261
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends paid and payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
595,331)
|
(
595,331)
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
Total investments by and distributions to owners
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
(
595,331)
|
(
595,331)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
At 28 February 2020 and 1 March 2020
|
|
102
|
|
-
|
|
3,443,258
|
3,443,360
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Profit for the year
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,637,497
|
4,637,497
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income for the year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassification to fair value reserve from profit and loss account
|
|
|
|
45,825
|
|
(45,825)
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income for the year
|
|
-
|
|
45,825
|
|
4,591,672
|
4,637,497
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issue of shares
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
Dividends paid and payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
3,360,078)
|
(
3,360,078)
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
Total investments by and distributions to owners
|
|
2
|
|
-
|
|
(
3,360,078)
|
(
3,360,076)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
At 28 February 2021
|
|
104
|
|
45,825
|
|
4,674,852
|
4,720,781
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COUNTY BUILDING SERVICES LIMITED
Statement of cash flows
Year ended 28 February 2021
|
|
2021
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
|
£
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
Profit for the financial year
|
|
4,637,497
|
|
1,698,261
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustments for:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation of tangible assets
|
|
107,436
|
|
79,009
|
|
Fair value adjustment of investment property
|
|
(
56,574)
|
|
-
|
|
Other interest receivable and similar income
|
|
(
1,705)
|
|
(
4,289)
|
|
Interest payable and similar expenses
|
|
16,990
|
|
5,382
|
|
Gain/(loss) on disposal of tangible assets
|
|
835
|
|
2,690
|
|
Tax on profit
|
|
1,104,263
|
|
340,761
|
|
Accrued expenses/(income)
|
|
613,953
|
|
(
871,710)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stocks
|
|
16,460
|
|
2,740
|
|
Trade and other debtors
|
|
(
1,096,502)
|
|
23,474
|
|
Trade and other creditors
|
|
(
593,833)
|
|
657,687
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
Cash generated from operations
|
|
4,748,820
|
|
1,934,005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid
|
|
(
16,990)
|
|
(
5,382)
|
|
Interest received
|
|
1,705
|
|
4,289
|
|
Tax paid
|
|
(
297,356)
|
|
(
151,592)
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
Net cash from operating activities
|
|
4,436,179
|
|
1,781,320
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase of tangible assets
|
|
(
737,766)
|
|
(
122,856)
|
|
Proceeds from sale of tangible assets
|
|
11,408
|
|
2,966
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
(
726,358)
|
|
(
119,890)
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares
|
|
2
|
|
-
|
|
Proceeds from borrowings
|
|
755,891
|
|
-
|
|
Payment of finance lease liabilities
|
|
26,113
|
|
47,300
|
|
Equity dividends paid
|
|
(
3,360,078)
|
|
(
595,331)
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
Net cash used in financing activities
|
|
(
2,578,072)
|
|
(
548,031)
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
1,131,749
|
|
1,113,399
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
|
|
1,689,044
|
|
575,645
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
|
|
2,820,793
|
|
1,689,044
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COUNTY BUILDING SERVICES LIMITED
Notes to the financial statements
Year ended 28 February 2021
1.
General information
The company is a private company limited by shares, registered in England and Wales. The address of the registered office is Poplar Farm, Ivychurch, New Romney, Kent, TN29 0AU.
2.
Statement of compliance
These financial statements have been prepared in compliance with FRS 102, 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. The Triennial review 2017 amendments to the standard have been early adopted.
3.
Accounting policies
Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, as modified by the revaluation of certain financial assets and liabilities and investment properties measured at fair value through profit or loss.
The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the entity.
Going concern
These financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis.
Turnover
Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods supplied and services rendered, net of discounts and Value Added Tax.
When the outcome of a transaction involving the rendering of services can be reliably estimated, revenue from the rendering of services is measured by reference to the stage of completion of the service transaction at the end of the reporting period.
When the outcome of a transaction involving the rendering of services cannot be reliably estimated, revenue is recognised only to the extent that it is probable the expenses recognised will be recovered.
Taxation
The taxation expense represents the aggregate amount of current and deferred tax recognised in the reporting period. Tax is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in capital and reserves. In this case, tax is recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in capital and reserves, respectively. Current tax is recognised on taxable profit for the current and past periods. Current tax is measured at the amounts of tax expected to pay or recover using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences at the reporting date. Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.
Operating leases
Lease payments are recognised as an expense over the lease term on a straight-line basis. The aggregate benefit of lease incentives is recognised as a reduction to expense over the lease term, on a straight-line basis.
Tangible assets
tangible assets are initially recorded at cost, and are subsequently stated at cost less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Any tangible assets carried at revalued amounts are recorded at the fair value at the date of revaluation less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses. An increase in the carrying amount of an asset as a result of a revaluation, is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in capital and reserves, except to the extent it reverses a revaluation decrease of the same asset previously recognised in profit or loss. A decrease in the carrying amount of an asset as a result of revaluation is recognised in other comprehensive income to the extent of any previously recognised revaluation increase accumulated in capital and reserves in respect of that asset. Where a revaluation decrease exceeds the accumulated revaluation gains accumulated in capital and reserves in respect of that asset, the excess shall be recognised in profit or loss.
Depreciation
Depreciation is calculated so as to write off the cost or valuation of an asset, less its residual value, over the useful economic life of that asset as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long leasehold property
|
-
|
1% %
|
straight line
|
|
Plant and machinery
|
-
|
20 %
|
reducing balance
|
|
Fittings fixtures and equipment
|
-
|
20 %
|
reducing balance
|
|
Motor vehicles
|
-
|
25 %
|
reducing balance
|
|
|
|
|
|
If there is an indication that there has been a significant change in depreciation rate, useful life or residual value of tangible assets, the depreciation is revised prospectively to reflect the new estimates.
Investment property
Investment property is measured initially at cost, which includes purchase price and any directly attributable expenditure. Investment property is revalued to its fair value at each reporting date and any changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss.
Impairment
A review for indicators of impairment is carried out at each reporting date, with the recoverable amount being estimated where such indicators exist. Where the carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount, the asset is impaired accordingly. Prior impairments are also reviewed for possible reversal at each reporting date. When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, an estimate is made of the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. The cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable group of assets that includes the asset and generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets.
Stocks
Stocks are measured at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost includes all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition.
Hire purchase and finance leases
Assets held under finance leases are recognised in the statement of financial position as assets and liabilities at the lower of the fair value of the assets and the present value of the minimum lease payments, which is determined at the inception of the lease term. Any initial direct costs of the lease are added to the amount recognised as an asset. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the outstanding lease liability using the effective interest method. Finance charges are allocated to each period so as to produce a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.
Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the entity has an obligation at the reporting date as a result of a past event; it is probable that the entity will be required to transfer economic benefits in settlement and the amount of the obligation can be estimated reliably. Provisions are recognised as a liability in the statement of financial position and the amount of the provision as an expense. Provisions are initially measured at the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the reporting date and subsequently reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate of the amount that would be required to settle the obligation. Any adjustments to the amounts previously recognised are recognised in profit or loss unless the provision was originally recognised as part of the cost of an asset. When a provision is measured at the present value of the amount expected to be required to settle the obligation, the unwinding of the discount is recognised in finance costs in profit or loss in the period it arises.
Financial instruments
A financial asset or a financial liability is recognised only when the company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at the transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where it is recognised at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument. Debt instruments are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Where investments in non-convertible preference shares and non-puttable ordinary shares or preference shares are publicly traded or their fair value can otherwise be measured reliably, the investment is subsequently measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss. All other such investments are subsequently measured at cost less impairment. Other financial instruments, including derivatives, are initially recognised at fair value, unless payment for an asset is deferred beyond normal business terms or financed at a rate of interest that is not a market rate, in which case the asset is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument. Other financial instruments are subsequently measured at fair value, with any changes recognised in profit or loss, with the exception of hedging instruments in a designated hedging relationship.
Financial assets that are measured at cost or amortised cost are reviewed for objective evidence of impairment at the end of each reporting date. If there is objective evidence of impairment, an impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately. For all equity instruments regardless of significance, and other financial assets that are individually significant, these are assessed individually for impairment. Other financial assets or either assessed individually or grouped on the basis of similar credit risk characteristics. Any reversals of impairment are recognised in profit or loss immediately, to the extent that the reversal does not result in a carrying amount of the financial asset that exceeds what the carrying amount would have been had the impairment not previously been recognised.
Defined contribution plans
Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as an expense in the period in which the related service is provided. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to a reduction in future payments or a cash refund. When contributions are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months of the end of the reporting date in which the employees render the related service, the liability is measured on a discounted present value basis. The unwinding of the discount is recognised in finance costs in profit or loss in the period in which it arises.
4.
Turnover
Turnover arises from:
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Rendering of services
|
|
15,894,551
|
11,334,442
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
The whole of the turnover is attributable to the principal activity of the company wholly undertaken in the United Kingdom.
5.
Other operating income
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Rental income
|
|
7,463
|
-
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.
Operating profit
Operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting):
|
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Depreciation of tangible assets
|
|
|
107,436
|
79,009
|
|
(Gain)/loss on disposal of tangible assets
|
|
|
835
|
2,690
|
|
Fair value adjustments to investment property
|
|
|
(
56,574)
|
-
|
|
Impairment of trade debtors
|
|
|
(20,904)
|
(10,954)
|
|
Operating lease rentals
|
|
|
7,526
|
8,174
|
|
Fees payable for the audit of the financial statements
|
|
|
15,000
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.
Staff costs
The average number of persons employed by the company during the year, including the directors, amounted to:
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
Administrative staff
|
|
10
|
8
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
The aggregate payroll costs incurred during the year were:
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Wages and salaries
|
|
392,454
|
268,929
|
|
Social security costs
|
|
38,455
|
30,028
|
|
Other pension costs
|
|
20,211
|
3,095
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
451,120
|
302,052
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other pension costs relate to defined contribution plans for employees.
8.
Directors remuneration
The directors aggregate remuneration in respect of qualifying services was:
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Remuneration
|
|
26,313
|
25,833
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.
Other interest receivable and similar income
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Bank deposits
|
|
1,705
|
2,696
|
|
Other interest receivable and similar income
|
|
-
|
1,593
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
1,705
|
4,289
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.
Interest payable and similar expenses
|
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Bank loans and overdrafts
|
|
|
2,816
|
-
|
|
Other loans made to the company:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance leases and hire purchase contracts
|
|
11,529
|
5,382
|
|
Other interest payable and similar expenses
|
|
|
2,645
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
16,990
|
5,382
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11.
Tax on profit
Major components of tax expense
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Current tax:
|
|
|
|
|
UK current tax expense
|
|
1,076,493
|
382,034
|
|
Adjustments in respect of previous periods
|
|
-
|
(
48,452)
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax:
|
|
|
|
|
Origination and reversal of timing differences
|
|
27,770
|
7,179
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
Tax on profit
|
|
1,104,263
|
340,761
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of tax expense
The tax assessed on the profit for the year is higher than (2020: lower than) the
standard rate of corporation tax in the UK
of
19.00
% (2020: 19.00%).
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Profit before taxation
|
|
5,741,760
|
2,039,022
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Profit multiplied by rate of tax
|
|
1,090,934
|
387,414
|
|
Adjustments in respect of prior periods
|
|
-
|
(
48,452)
|
|
Effect of expenses not deductible for tax purposes
|
|
2,580
|
1,618
|
|
Effect of capital allowances and depreciation
|
|
-
|
181
|
|
Effect of fair value adjustments not tax deductible
|
|
10,749
|
-
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
Tax on profit
|
|
1,104,263
|
340,761
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
12.
Dividends
Equity dividends
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Dividends paid during the year (excluding those for which a liability existed at the end of the prior year)
|
|
3,360,078
|
595,331
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
13.
Tangible assets
|
|
Long leasehold property
|
Plant and machinery
|
Fixtures, fittings and equipment
|
Motor vehicles
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
|
|
|
Cost or valuation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At 1 March 2020
|
68,426
|
7,226
|
16,298
|
619,937
|
711,887
|
|
|
|
Additions
|
486,879
|
-
|
865
|
250,022
|
737,766
|
|
|
|
Disposals
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(
52,154)
|
(
52,154)
|
|
|
|
Revaluation
|
56,574
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
56,574
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
At 28 February 2021
|
611,879
|
7,226
|
17,163
|
817,805
|
1,454,073
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At 1 March 2020
|
-
|
5,773
|
7,671
|
339,173
|
352,617
|
|
|
|
Charge for the year
|
-
|
291
|
1,855
|
105,290
|
107,436
|
|
|
|
Disposals
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(
39,911)
|
(
39,911)
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
At 28 February 2021
|
-
|
6,064
|
9,526
|
404,552
|
420,142
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
Carrying amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At 28 February 2021
|
611,879
|
1,162
|
7,637
|
413,253
|
1,033,931
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
At 28 February 2020
|
68,426
|
1,453
|
8,627
|
280,764
|
359,270
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment property
Included within the above is investment property measured at fair value as follows:
|
|
£
|
|
Fair value adjustments
|
56,574
|
|
Transfers from tangible assets
|
68,426
|
|
|
_______
|
|
At 28 February 2021
|
125,000
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
Investment properties have been valued by the directors of the company. No independent professional valuation has been undertaken
.
Obligations under finance leases
Included within the carrying value of tangible assets are the following amounts relating to assets held under finance leases or hire purchase agreements:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Motor vehicles
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At 28 February 2021
|
175,215
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At 28 February 2020
|
206,657
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14.
Stocks
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Finished goods and goods for resale
|
|
18,950
|
35,410
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
15.
Debtors
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Trade debtors
|
|
3,383,444
|
1,611,586
|
|
Prepayments and accrued income
|
|
251,507
|
849,296
|
|
Other debtors
|
|
282,887
|
956,907
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
3,917,838
|
3,417,789
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
16.
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Bank loans and overdrafts
|
|
30,172
|
-
|
|
Trade creditors
|
|
789,139
|
1,090,881
|
|
Accruals and deferred income
|
|
20,000
|
2,500
|
|
Corporation tax
|
|
942,286
|
163,149
|
|
Social security and other taxes
|
|
354,868
|
365,319
|
|
Obligations under finance leases
|
|
69,845
|
84,681
|
|
Director loan accounts
|
|
413,259
|
2
|
|
Other creditors
|
|
2,489
|
284,129
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
2,622,058
|
1,990,661
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
17.
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Bank loans and overdrafts
|
|
312,462
|
-
|
|
Obligations under finance leases
|
|
53,181
|
12,232
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
365,643
|
12,232
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
The bank loan is secured via a charge held by the Bank over the freehold property of the company.
Included within creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year is an amount of £ 180,413
(2020 £ - ) in respect of liabilities payable or repayable by instalments which fall due for payment after more than five years from the reporting date.
Fnal repayment on the bank loan is due in October 2030. Interest is payable at 3% p.a above base rate.
18.
Provisions
|
|
Deferred tax (note 19)
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
|
|
|
At 1 March 2020
|
55,260
|
55,260
|
|
|
|
|
Additions
|
27,770
|
27,770
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
At 28 February 2021
|
83,030
|
83,030
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19.
Deferred tax
The deferred tax included in the statement of financial position is as follows:
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Included in provisions (note 18)
|
|
83,030
|
55,260
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
The deferred tax account consists of the tax effect of timing differences in respect of:
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
Accelerated capital allowances
|
|
72,281
|
55,260
|
|
Fair value adjustment of investment property
|
|
10,749
|
-
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
83,030
|
55,260
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
20.
Employee benefits
The amount recognised in profit or loss in relation to defined contribution plans was £
20,211
(2020: £
3,095
).
21.
Called up share capital
Issued, called up and fully paid
|
|
|
2021
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
No
|
|
£
|
|
No
|
|
£
|
|
Ordinary A shares
shares of £
1.00 each
|
|
100
|
|
100
|
|
100
|
|
100
|
|
Ordinary B shares
shares of £
1.00 each
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
Ordinary C shares
shares of £
1.00 each
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
Ordinary D shares
shares of £
1.00 each
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
Ordinary E shares
shares of £
1.00 each
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
104
|
|
104
|
|
102
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All shares rank pari passu
.
22.
Fair value reserve
Included within other reserves is the fair value reserve as follows:
|
|
|
2021
|
2020
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
|
At start of year
|
|
-
|
-
|
|
Reclassification from Profit and Loss account
|
|
45,825
|
-
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
At end of year
|
|
45,825
|
-
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains arising from the revaluation of investment properties (£56,574 (note 13)), less related deferred tax charges (£10,749 (note19)), are recognised within this reserve.
23.
Analysis of changes in net debt
|
|
At 1 March 2020
|
Cash flows
|
At 28 February 2021
|
|
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
1,689,044
|
1,131,749
|
2,820,793
|
|
|
|
|
Debt due within one year
|
(84,683)
|
(428,593)
|
(513,276)
|
|
|
|
|
Debt due after one year
|
(12,232)
|
(353,411)
|
(365,643)
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,592,129
|
349,745
|
1,941,874
|
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24.
Operating leases
The company as lessee
The total future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:
|
|
|
|
£ |
£ |
|
|
|
Not later than 1 year |
39,800
|
- |
Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years |
69,650
|
- |
|
_______ |
_______ |
|
109,450
|
- |
|
_______ |
_______ |
|
|
|
The company as lessor
The total future minimum lease payments receivable under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:
|
|
|
|
£ |
£ |
|
|
|
Not later than 1 year |
9,950
|
- |
Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years |
12,438
|
- |
|
_______ |
_______ |
|
22,388
|
- |
|
_______ |
_______ |
|
|
|
25.
Directors advances, credits and guarantees
|
During the year the directors entered into the following advances and credits with the company:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance brought forward
|
Advances /(credits) to the directors
|
Amounts repaid
|
Balance o/standing
|
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
|
|
|
Mr M P Killick
|
684,870
|
-
|
(
1,098,129)
|
(
413,259)
|
|
|
|
Mr S Killick
|
(
1)
|
10,268
|
-
|
10,267
|
|
|
|
Mr B Killick
|
(
1)
|
584
|
-
|
583
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
684,868
|
10,852
|
(
1,098,129)
|
(
402,409)
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance brought forward
|
Advances /(credits) to the directors
|
Amounts repaid
|
Balance o/standing
|
|
|
|
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
|
|
|
Mr M P Killick
|
744,870
|
-
|
(
60,000)
|
684,870
|
|
|
|
Mr S Killick
|
(
1)
|
-
|
-
|
(
1)
|
|
|
|
Mr B Killick
|
(
1)
|
-
|
-
|
(
1)
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
744,868
|
-
|
(
60,000)
|
684,868
|
|
|
|
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
_______
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances between the company and the directors are interest free, unsecured and repayable on demand.
26.
Controlling party
The company is controlled by the director, Mr
M.P. Killick
, the majority shareholder.