The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2020.
The principal activity of the group is event development and organisation, TV production, marketing, rights management and the publishing and distribution of sports periodicals.
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent restrictions was extremely challenging for the Group and the Events Industry as a whole.
As a result of the legislative restrictions the Group was forced to make the difficult decision to cancel all events post March 2020. All participants, Charity and Commercial partners were continually supportive with a high proportion of 2020 entrants electing to defer their entries into the 2021 events.
The Group was able to take advantage of its insurance policy to recover an element of lost trade however due to the forced cessation of activity the Group was placed in a position where, unfortunately, a restructuring programme had to be undertaken. Due to the lack of activity the Group was also forced to place the majority of staff onto the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme.
Despite the cessation of all organized events, the Group responded with the development of Great Run Solo, a virtual running series, which we consider to be the largest virtual running programme in the UK and which raised significant amounts for Charity during the pandemic. The development of Great Run Solo also resulted in strong merchandise sales for the Group which contributed towards the profit figure for the year.
The Group’s film and TV production division. Filmnova benefitted from the resumption of European football in June 2020 through its services to UEFA, and from a number of special commissions during the pandemic. This reduced the impact of the lockdown on the business unit. It also won a number of new commissions and renewals for 2021.
In July 2020, an agreement was reached with 21 SIX investments Limited for the sale of Athletics Weekly Limited, a Group subsidiary. This decision was made in line with the ongoing direction of the Group and not as a direct response to the challenges of the pandemic.
Post Year End Review
Early 2021 saw the continued forced cessation of all mass participation activities and as a result the Group was forced to postpone all the Spring 2021 events into the Autumn 2021.
As the year has progressed and restrictions have been lifted the Group has returned staff from furlough and begun to undertake events once again, starting with the Great North Swim in June 2021 and the delivering the 40 th Great North Run in September 2021.
The Directors consider that the sector remains challenging, with a lack of insurance cover available and significant increases in supplier costs and reduced availability.
FilmNova also returned to activity, undertaking commissions on behalf of the Olympic Broadcast Service at the postponed Tokyo Olympics and expanding its work in Triathlon with coverage of the 2021 World Triathlon Series.
It is the opinion of the Directors that the Group has acted decisively and pragmatically during the Coronavirus pandemic and that, coupled with the strategic decisions made in previous financial period, ensures that the Group remains in a strong position and well-funded through the 2021 and into 2022.
The directors consider operating profit margin and EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation , amortisation) to be the key measures of the G roup 's performance.
Operating profit margin has decreased in the year , from 11.2% to 10.8 %.
EBITDA for the period was £881,455 (201 9 - £2,218,174) .
The Group’s net asset position has also improved during the period, increasing to £4,316,717 (201 9 - £ 3,928,630 ).
The director s consider the G roup 's results to be satisfactory in the light of current trading conditions.
The group's principal financial instruments comprise cash and cash equivalents. Other financial assets and liabilities, such as trade debtors, trade creditors and related party balances, arise directly from the group's operating activities.
The main risks associated with the group's financial assets and liabilities are set out below. The group does not undertake any hedging activity.
Interest rate risk
The group invests surplus cash in fixed and floating interest deposit accounts. Therefore financial assets, interest income and cash flows can be affected by movements in interest rates. However, the directors do not consider there to be any significant exposure.
Price risk
There is no significant exposure to changes in the carrying value of financial liabilities.
Credit risk
The group's policy is aimed at minimising such losses, and requires that deferred terms are granted only to customers who demonstrate an appropriate payment history and satisfy creditworthiness procedures. Individual exposures and overdue debts are monitored with customers subject to credit limits to ensure that the group's exposure to bad debts is not significant.
Liquidity risk
The group aims to mitigate liquidity risk by managing cash generated by its operations. Capital expenditure is approved by the directors and flexibility is maintained by retaining surplus cash in readily accessible bank accounts.
Foreign currency risk
The group's principal transactions in foreign currency arise directly from the group's operating activities. As a result, the group's cash flows arising from these transactions can be affected by movements in the Euro and Dollar exchange rates. No hedging activity is undertaken to mitigate this risk as it is not considered to be significant.
COVID-19 risk
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to generate a significant level of uncertainty in the economy. The directors regularly assess the likely effects on group operations in an attempt to mitigate the risk as far as practicable.
By order of the board
The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2020.
The results for the year are set out on page 8.
No ordinary dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a further dividend.
The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:
The directors aim to maintain the management policies which have resulted in the group's continued growth over the last few years.
In accordance with the company's articles, a resolution proposing that RMT Accountants & Business Advisors Ltd be reappointed as auditor of the group will be put at a General Meeting.
We have audited the financial statements of Nova Marketing Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 December 2020 which comprise the group profit and loss account, the group statement of comprehensive income, the group balance sheet, the company balance sheet, the group statement of changes in equity, the company statement of changes in equity, the group statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard , and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
Other information
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit :
the information given in the strategic report and the directors' r eport for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements ; and
the strategic report and the directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identifie d material misstatements in the strategic report and the directors' r eport .
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
As explained more fully in the directors' r esponsibilities s tatement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the parent company ' s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below .
Discussions with and enquiries of management and those charged with governance were held with a view to identifying those laws and regulations that could be expected to have a material impact on the financial statements. During the engagement team briefing, the outcomes of these discussions and enquiries were shared with the team, as well as consideration as to where and how fraud may occur in the entity.
The following laws and regulations were identified as being of significance to the entity:
Those laws and regulations considered to have a direct effect on the financial statements including UK financial reporting standards, Company Law, Tax and Pensions legislation, and distributable profits legislation.
Those laws and regulations for which non-compliance may be fundamental to the operating aspects of the business and therefore may have a material effect on the financial statements include environmental and health and safety legislation.
Audit procedures undertaken in response to the potential risks relating to irregularities (which include fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations) comprised of: inquiries of management and those charged with governance as to whether the entity complies with such laws and regulations; enquiries with the same concerning any actual or potential litigation or claims; testing the appropriateness of journal entries; and the performance of analytical review to identify unexpected movements in account balances which may be indicative of fraud.
No instances of material non-compliance were identified. However, the likelihood of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is limited by the inherent difficulty in detecting irregularities, the effectiveness of the entity's controls, and the nature, timing and extent of the audit procedures performed. Irregularities that result from fraud might be inherently more difficult to detect than irregularities that result from error. As explained above, there is an unavoidable risk that material misstatements may not be detected, even though the audit has been planned and performed in accordance with ISAs (UK).
A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.
Use of our report
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Section 408 exemption
As permitted by s408 Companies Act 2006, the C ompany has not presented its own profit and loss account and related notes. The Company’s profit for the year was £10,000 (2019 - £710,000).
Nova Marketing Limited (“the company”) is a private limited company domiciled and incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is Newcastle House, Albany Court, Monarch Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 7YB.
The group consists of Nova Marketing Limited and all of its subsidiaries.
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
The financial statements are prepared in sterling , which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary a mounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost convention.
As permitted by s408 Companies Act 2006, the Company has not presented its own profit and loss account and related notes. The company's profit for the year was £10,000 (2019 - £710,000).
The directors have adopted the going concern basis in preparing these financial statements after assessing the principal risks and having considered the impact of COVID-19.
On the 20 March 2020, the UK Government announced restrictions on mass participation events following the outbreak of COVID-19 in the UK and subsequently all events in the 2020 calendar were either cancelled or postponed. Events resumed in 2021 following the lifting of restrictions and a successful vaccine rollout in the UK.
The directors considered the impact of the current COVID-19 environment on the business for the next 12 months from the approval of the balance sheet date and concluded that the business has access to adequate financial resources to enable it to trade at a reduced level for the foreseeable future.
Revenue arises from events organisation and management, TV and film production, marketing and promotion of events, and the sale of magazine issues and advertising space. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts for the sales of goods and services in the normal course of business, net of discounts and other sales-related taxes.
For events owned by the group, revenue is recognised in the month that the event is held. For events where the group is contracted, by a third party, to act in an event management or public relations capacity, revenue is released to the profit and loss account as activity progresses. Profit is only recognised when the event is completed.
Revenue from the retail sale of magazine issues is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer, the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.
Turnover from magazine subscriptions is recognised on a straight-line basis over the period in which the items are dispatched. When issues vary in value from period to period, the revenue is recognised on the basis of the sales value of the item dispatched in relation to the total estimated sales value of all items covered by the subscription.
Revenue from advertising space within magazine issues is recognised on a straight line basis over the period to which the advertisement relates.
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholder's right to receive payment has been established.
Interest income is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the group and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and the effective interest rate applicable.
The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the profit and loss account.
Interests in subsidiaries are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. The investments are assessed for impairment at each reporting date and a ny impairment losses or reversals of impairment losses are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the group. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.
At each reporting end date, the group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any).
The carrying amount of the investments accounted for using the equity method is tested for impairment as a single asset. Any goodwill included in the carrying amount of the investment is not tested separately for impairment.
The group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.
Financial instruments are recognised in the group's balance sheet when the group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amounts presented in the financial statements when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Basic financial assets, which include trade and other debtors , are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest m ethod unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.
Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss , are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.
Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.
If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.
Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the group transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the group after deducting all of its liabilities.
Basic financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other creditors , bank loans and loans from fellow group companies are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.
Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.
Trade creditor s are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the group's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.
Equity instruments issued by the group are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the group.
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the profit and loss account, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if, and only if, there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.
The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.
The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received , if considered material to the financial statements.
Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.
For cash-settled share-based payments, a liability is recognised for the goods and services acquired, measured initially at the fair value of the liability. At the balance sheet date until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the fair value of the liability is remeasured, with any changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss for the year.
The fair value of equity-settled share based payments to employees is determined at the date of grant and is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based on the group's estimate of shares or options that will eventually vest.
Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the lease d asset are consumed.
Government grants are recognised at the fair value of the asset receive d or receivable when there is reasonable assurance that the grant conditions will be met and the grants will be received.
A grant that specifies performance conditions is recognised in income when the performance conditions are met . Where a grant does not specify performance conditions it is recognised in income when the proceeds are received or receivable . A grant received before the recognition criteria are satisfied is recognised as a liability.
The current year income statement includes amounts of £594,457 (2019 - £nil) received by group companies in relation to COVID-19 support funding from the government Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme.
Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation in the period are included in profit or loss.
In the application of the group’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.
The following judgements (apart from those involving estimates) have had the most significant effect on amounts recognised in the financial statements.
In assessing whether there have been any indicators of impairment in assets, the directors have considered both external and internal sources of information such as market conditions and experience of recoverability. There have been no indicators of impairments identified during the current financial year.
The group depreciate intangible assets and tangible fixed assets over their estimated useful lives. The estimation of the useful lives of assets is based on historic performance as well as expectations about future use and therefore requires estimates and assumptions to be applied by management.
Judgement is applied by management when determining the residual values for intangible assets and tangible fixed assets. When determining the residual value management aim to assess the amount that the group would currently obtain for the disposal of the asset expected at the end of its useful life.
The carrying amount of intangible assets at the reporting end date was £63,176 (2019 - £23,876) and carrying amount of tangible fixed assets at the reporting end date was £1 11, 466 (2019 - £151,413).
The group establishes a provision for debtors that are estimated not to be recoverable. When assessing the recoverability the directors consider factors such as the aging of debtors, past experience of recoverability, and the credit profile of individual or groups of customers. The carrying value of this provision is £22,986 (2019 - £22,306).
The group establishes a provision for creditors relating to the current period. When assessing the level of this provision the directors consider factors such as purchase orders raised for individual events not offset against purchase invoices and past experience of recoverability of prior year accruals. The carrying value of this provision is £36,484 (2019 - £36,484) included within accruals and deferred income.
An analysis of the group's turnover is as follows:
Turnover is stated after trade discounts, other sales taxes and net of VAT.
The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the group and company during the year was:
Their aggregate remuneration comprised:
The number of group directors for whom retirement benefits are accruing under defined benefit contribution schemes amounted to 2 (2018 - 2).
On 4 August 2020 the Group disposed of one of its subsidiary undertaking s , Athletics Weekly Limited. The undertaking contributed profit of £11,39 1 to the group up to the date of disposal.
The actual charge for the year can be reconciled to the expected charge for the year based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:
Details of the company's subsidiaries at 31 December 2020 are as follows:
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where the group or company has a legally enforceable right to do so. The following is the analysis of the deferred tax balances (after offset) for financial reporting purposes:
T he deferred tax liability set out above relates to accelerated capital allowances that are expected to mature within future period s . Deferred tax asset balances in subsidiaries have not been recognised in the financial statements as recoverability in the foreseeable future remains uncertain.
A defined contribution pension scheme is operated for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the group in an independently administered fund.
Included in the balance sheet at the year-end is a provision of £21,526 (2019 - £31,701) for pension contributions.
The company operates a scheme under which share options, settled by the issue of ordinary shares in the group, were granted on 3 April 2008. The options may only be exercised if certain performance criteria are achieved.
At the beginning of the year the participating employees had the option to acquire 50,000 ordinary shares in Nova Marketing Limited at a exercise price of 8p per share. None of these options were exercised during the year.
Therefore as at 31 December 2020 there were share options to acquire 50,000 ordinary shares remaining.
The company has ordinary shares, which carry no right to fixed income.
During the year, the company redeemed 10,000 of its own Ordinary shares for consideration of £10,000. These shares were immediately cancelled on redemption.
At the reporting end date the group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:
The remuneration of key management personnel is as follows.
More detailed information is shown in the directors' remuneration note (note 8 ) and directors' transactions note (note 25 ).
During the year the group entered into the following transactions with related parties:
The following amounts were outstanding at the reporting end date:
The following amounts were recognised as an expense in the period in respect of bad and doubtful debts due from related parties:
The company is a parent with wholly owned subsidiaries and as such has taken advantage of the exemption permitted by Section 33 Related Party Disclosures not to provide disclosures of transactions entered into with other wholly owned members of the group.
Dividends totalling £0 (2019 - £190,610) were paid in the year in respect of shares held by the company's directors.
In the opinion of the directors, the overall controlling party is Sir B Foster, the Chairman, by virtue of his shareholding in the company.