Financial instruments
A financial asset or a financial liability is recognised only when the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction price and measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Where investments in non-derivative financial instruments are publicly traded, or their fair value can otherwise be measured reliably, the investment is subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss. All other investments are subsequently measured at cost less impairment.
Debtors and creditors that fall due within one year are recorded in the financial statements at transaction price and then subsequently measured at amortised cost. If the effects of the time value of money are immaterial, they are measured at cost (less impairment for trade debtors). Debtors are reviewed for impairment at each reporting date and any impairments are recorded within profit or loss and shown within administrative expenses when there is objective evidence that a debtor is impaired. Objective evidence that a debtor is impaired arises when the customer is unable to settle amounts owing to the company or the customer becomes bankrupt.Debtors do not carry interest and are stated at their nominal value. Trade creditors are not interest-bearing and are stated at their nominal value.
Financial assets which are measured at cost or amortised cost are reviewed for objective evidence of impairment at each balance sheet date. If there is objective evidence of impairment, an impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately.
All equity instruments, regardless of significance, and other financial assets that are individually significant, are assessed individually for impairment.
Other financial assets are either assessed individually or grouped on the basis of similar credit risk characteristics. Any reversals of impairment are recognised in profit or loss immediately, to the extent that the reversal does not result in a carrying amount of the financial asset which exceeds what the carrying amount would have been had the impairment loss not previously been recognised.