The amounts owed to related parties of US$362,058 due within 12 months and US$36,520 due after 12 months were provided interest-free from related parties with a participating interest in the company and are unsecured. During the financial year, the company received an additional loan of US$147,247 from the related parties, increasing the balance payable over the forthcoming 12-month period to US$362,058 (2020: US$214,811). The remainder of the loan totalling US$36,520 has no specified repayment date.