The amounts owed to related parties of US$482,391 due within 12 months and US$36,520 due after 12 months were provided interest-free from related parties with a participating interest in the company and are unsecured. During the financial year, the company received an additional loan of US$120,333 from the related parties, increasing the balance payable over the forthcoming 12-month period to US$482,391 (2021: US$362,058). The remainder of the loan totalling US$36,520 has no specified repayment date.