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STRATEGIC REPORT, REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS AND |
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AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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SIGMA ASL LIMITED |
REGISTERED NUMBER:
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STRATEGIC REPORT, REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS AND |
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AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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SIGMA ASL LIMITED |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
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CONTENTS OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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Company Information | 1 |
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Strategic Report | 2 | to | 4 |
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Report of the Directors | 5 | to | 6 |
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Report of the Independent Auditors | 7 | to | 10 |
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Statement of Comprehensive Income | 11 |
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Statement of Financial Position | 12 |
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Statement of Changes in Equity | 13 |
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Notes to the Financial Statements | 14 | to | 25 |
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SIGMA ASL LIMITED |
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COMPANY INFORMATION |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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DIRECTORS: |
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REGISTERED OFFICE: |
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REGISTERED NUMBER: |
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AUDITORS: |
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Chartered accountants & statutory auditors |
Stone House |
Stone Road Business Park |
Stoke-On-Trent |
ST4 6SR |
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BANKERS: |
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70 Pall Mall |
London |
SW1Y 5EZ |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
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STRATEGIC REPORT |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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The directors present their strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2020. |
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The company's activities continue to be the supply of components for use in the manufacture of automotive parts. 2.51% of sales were in the UK, 14.55% in Europe and 82.94% in the Rest of the World, predominantly the USA and Mexico. |
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REVIEW OF BUSINESS |
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Like most suppliers to the global automotive industry, Sigma ASL Limited began 2020 with high expectations of continuing to achieve growth in sales, margins and profitability in all its markets. Indeed, as of 31st March 2020, The Company had exceeded its Q1 sales budget by 5%, met its gross margin budget, and exceeded its EBITDA and PAT objectives. |
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With the emergence and ensuing rapid spread of the COVID 19 virus, the company noticed a slowdown in sales in April and a more than 85% drop in May as the automotive OEM manufacturers closed their worldwide manufacturing facilities to protect their workers, avoid the spread of the virus, and modify their working facilities to better protect their workers when returning to work in June. Overall, the impact of the COVID19 was a year over year reduction in sales of 45%. |
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Following the April and May OEM manufacturing shutdowns in the NAFTA region, we began to see a small but gradual recovery in the NAFTA truck market and also began to supply pre-launch production components to two new electric vehicle and component manufacturers, one in the USA and one in Europe. These factors combined with a consistent level of demand across the supercharger programs we support means that the business began to return to profitability. The company also continued throughout the year in the development of critical castings for a customer in the aerospace industry. Preparations are now being made for the approval of initial samples to support a mass production start up from Q2 2022 onwards. Unfortunately, from Q4 2020 and all through 2021, whilst our gross profit margins have been maintained close to budget level, we have been impacted by a large sudden increase in shipping and other transport costs, also arising from the effect of COVID19 on the shortage of sea freight containers, trucking resources and materials . |
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Long term decisions affecting our business are initially determined at board level and implemented via a rolling 5 year strategic business plan, mainly leveraging the company's specialisation in complex lightweight castings with precision machining and in synchronised with the strategic sourcing needs of our main customers. To this end, we are well positioned to succeed in the industrial sectors we choose to support, with particular focus on aerospace, automotive, electric vehicles and e-mobility components. These sectors , all enjoy greater longevity and allow slightly better margins than other industries requiring more commoditised components. Our strategic business plan is agreed with our major customers and reviewed bi-annually via Strategic Executive Business Reviews. |
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The company employs and depends upon a small group of highly effective and well trained business support personnel. The business planning process is inclusive and the company's plans, expectations and results are available to all personnel. Operating decisions are made with full engagement of the appropriate members of the teams supporting each aspect of our business and staff meetings are held on a weekly basis, even during period of COVID19 lockdowns in which employees worked remotely from the central office. |
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The success of the company allows us to provide above average salary and employment terms to all its employees and has a history of supporting fundraising events for the local community and charities. Sigma ASL will soon be marking its 30 year anniversary in the automotive manufacturing industry and is one of very few suppliers to be awarded Worldwide Premier Strategic Supplier Awards by its largest customer over many several recent successive years. This confirms the importance to all parties of the commitment to long term and mutually successful business. The company meets, and takes very seriously via its published policies, its obligation to the stringent environmental and other standards measured and monitored by the ISO, TS and AS assessment bodies. |
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SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
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STRATEGIC REPORT |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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REVIEW OF BUSINESS (CONTINUED) |
The company insists upon the highest standards of conduct from its staff in transacting with customers and suppliers alike. The CEO maintains close and direct engagement with customers and suppliers, both to gauge the Company's reputation at a senior level and also to reinforce the company members' adherence to these standards. Disciplinary procedures are in place, and invoked if and when necessary. |
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The company operates under a variety of policies designed to ensure that all members of staff may be assured a safe, open, transparent and inclusive working environment free from unfairness, prejudice and inequality. There is an established grievance procedure in place to allow the fair and equitable review and resolution of any potential issues with upward escalation to highest levels of management encouraged, if felt necessary by any member of staff. |
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The intercompany loan balance due from SCP now stands at $14.55m. Interest is charged on the loan at LIBOR + 3.5%. Repayment of the loan will begin in financial year ending 31 December 2022 and the loan is scheduled to be fully repaid by 31 December 2040, in accordance with the loan repayment schedule and SCP sales and cashflow forecasts. |
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PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES |
There are a range of economic and geopolitical risks and uncertainties facing the industry. These include Covid-19, global commodity prices, the evolution of electric vehicles and geopolitical issues such as Brexit. These risks are subject to regular review and where appropriate strategic plans for the business are revised and developed to minimise the level of exposure to the business. The directors undertake a monthly update to a rolling 5 year forward view of its business. These projections support the view of the directors, who remain very optimistic with regard to the medium and long term business growth and corresponding profitability of the company. |
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RESULTS AND KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS |
The turnover for the year was $32.2m (FY 31.12.2019: $57.3m) and a loss after tax for the year amounted to $0.76m (FY31.12.19: Profit $0.74m). |
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The directors utilise a number of key performance indicators to enable a consistent method of analysing and monitoring performance. The key performance indicators utilised by the directors (as well as those mentioned above) include; EBITDA ($0.73m) (FY 31.12.2019: $0.97m), debtor days 69 (FY 31.12.2019: 52), and creditor days 238 (FY 31.12.2019: 160). |
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The employee headcount increased during the year by 1 to 28 (FY 31.12.2019: 27). |
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FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT |
Credit risk is addressed by carrying out regular checks of our customers with a reputable credit risk agency and holding a provision for doubtful debts on the balance sheet. Foreign currency transactions are managed on a daily basis to ensure the company's exposure is minimised. |
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OPERATING EXPENSES |
Operational expenses are monitored continually against budgeted amounts for each expense category and the directors are satisfied that the business continues to demonstrate strong cost control and caution in its decision making. |
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SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
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STRATEGIC REPORT |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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WORKING CAPITAL |
The group meets its day to day working capital requirements through finance facilities provided by its bank and cash receipts from customers. These are closely monitored to ensure adherence to agreed credit terms. Stock is regularly reviewed to ensure that the valuation is in line with UK accounting standards and is deemed recoverable. Any obsolete stock that is identified is fully provided for within these financial statements. After the preparation of a detailed income statement and cashflow forecast for the company, the directors expect that Sigma ASL Limited has adequate resources to continue to trade as a going concern for the foreseeable future. |
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It must be noted that the working capital requirements of the company are not dependant on the repayment of the loan from SCP. |
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COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE |
The company strives to continuously improve its competitive advantage by working with its customers to provide innovative programs which deliver cost savings by introducing the latest designs and technologies. This enables our customers to best position themselves in the market, resulting in mutual benefit and growth. |
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ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: |
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SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
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REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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The directors present their report with the financial statements of the company for the year ended 31 December 2020. |
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DIVIDENDS |
No dividends will be distributed for the year ended 31 December 2020. |
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EVENTS SINCE THE END OF THE YEAR |
Information relating to events since the end of the year is given in the notes to the financial statements. |
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DIRECTORS |
The directors shown below have held office during the whole of the period from 1 January 2020 to the date of this report. |
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STREAMLINED ENERGY AND CARBON REPORTING |
This section includes our mandatory reporting of energy and greenhouse gas emissions for the period 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020, pursuant to the Companies (Directors' Report) and Limited Liability Partnerships (Energy and Carbon Report) Regulations 2018, implementing the government's Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (SECR) policy. |
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Our methodology to calculate our greenhouse gas emissions is based on the 'Environmental Reporting Guidelines: Including streamlined energy and carbon reporting guidance (March 2019)' issued by DEFRA, using DEFRA's 2020 conversion factors. In some cases consumption has been extrapolated from available data or direct comparison made to a comparable period. |
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We report using a financial control approach to define our organisational boundary. We have reported all material emission sources required by the regulations for which we deem ourselves to be responsible and have maintained records of all source data and calculations. |
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No energy efficiency actions have been taken during the reporting period. The table below includes total fuel consumption and natural gas emissions for the sources required by the regulations. |
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01/01/2020 - 31/12/2020 |
Fuel used (Petrol & Diesel) (litres) | 13,024 |
Natural gas consumption (kWh) | 32,759 |
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DISCLOSURE IN THE STRATEGIC REPORT |
The company has, in accordance with section 414C(11) of the Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Directors' Report) Regulations 2013 set out in the company's strategic report information required by schedule 7 of the Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008. The strategic report can be found on pages 2-4 of the financial statements. |
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SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
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REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES |
The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. |
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Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to: |
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- | select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; |
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state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures
disclosed and explained in the financial statements; |
- | prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business. |
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The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. |
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STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS |
So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006) of which the company's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the steps that he or she ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself or herself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company's auditors are aware of that information. |
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AUDITORS |
The auditors is deemed to have been re-appointed in accordance with section 487 of the Companies Act 2006. |
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ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: |
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REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED |
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Qualified Opinion |
We have audited the financial statements of Sigma ASL Limited (the 'company') for the year ended 31 December 2020 which comprise the Statement of Comprehensive Income, Statement of Financial Position, Statement of Changes in Equity and Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). |
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In our opinion the financial statements: |
- | give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 December 2020 and of its loss for the year then ended; |
- | have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and |
- | have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. |
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Basis for qualified opinion |
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Our basis for qualified opinion is noted below: |
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The company has a loan balance due from a fellow subsidiary, Sigma Commercial Products Limited, of $14,554,537 as at 31 December 2020. This loan is shown in note 13 as due after more than one year and the terms of the loan and the financial position of Sigma Commercial Products Limited are detailed in that note. We were unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence about the recoverability of the loan as at 31 December 2020 because of the reliability of forecasting the profits of the fellow subsidiary over the period of the loan and the ability of the that company to make the loan payments as they fall due. |
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Consequently, we were unable to determine what adjustments, if any, were necessary to the amount of loan debtor. |
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Except for the financial effects of such adjustments, if any, as might have been determined necessary had we been able to satisfy ourselves as to the recoverability of the intra-group loan balance, in our opinion the financial statements: |
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give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 December 2020 and of its profit
for the year then ended; |
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have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting
Practice;and |
- | have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. |
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Conclusions relating to going concern |
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. |
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Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. |
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Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report. |
REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED |
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Emphasis of matter |
In forming our opinion, we have considered the adequacy of the disclosures concerning the company's ability to continue as a going concern in Note 3 to the financial statements. We draw attention to Note 3 which describes the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the current accounting period's operations. Note 3 also outlines the directors' expectations for 2021 which indicate that the company will see an increase in demand for existing products and an income stream from a new product which has been under development this year, coupled with cost savings to improve cash flow. Our opinion is not modified in this respect. |
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Other information |
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors, but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon. |
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Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. |
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In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. |
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Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 |
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: |
- | the information given in the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and |
- | the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. |
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Matters on which we are required to report by exception |
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Report of the Directors. |
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We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: |
- | adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or |
- | the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or |
- | certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or |
- | we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. |
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Responsibilities of directors |
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page six, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. |
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In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. |
REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED |
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Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements |
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. |
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Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: |
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We identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and then design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, including obtaining audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. |
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Identifying and assessing potential risks related to irregularities |
In identifying and assessing risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we considered the following: |
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- | the nature of the industry and sector, control environment and business performance; |
- | results of our enquiries of management about their own identification and assessment of the risks of irregularities; |
- | any matters we identified having obtained and reviewed the Company's documentation of their policies and procedures relating to: |
- | Identifying, evaluating and complying with laws and regulations and whether they were aware of any instances of noncompliance; |
- | detecting and responding to the risks of fraud and whether they have knowledge of any actual, suspected or alleged fraud; |
- | the internal controls established to mitigate risks of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations; |
- | the matters discussed among the audit engagement team regarding how and where fraud might occur in the financial statements and any potential indicators of fraud. |
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Based on this approach we were able to assess the Company risks and ensure the risks were considered throughout all areas of audit testing. The audit team was professionally sceptical throughout the audit and remained alert for inaccurate or misleading information. |
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Audit response to risks identified |
As a result of performing the above, we identified management override as a key audit matter related to the potential risk of fraud. |
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Our procedures to respond to risks identified included the following: |
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- | reviewing the financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with provisions of relevant laws and regulations described as having a direct effect on the financial statements; |
- | enquiring of management concerning actual and potential litigation and claims; |
- | performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud; |
- | obtained an understanding of provisions and held discussions with management to understand the basis of recognition or non-recognition of tax provisions; and |
- | in addressing the risk of fraud through management override of controls, testing the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments; assessing whether the judgements made in making accounting estimates are indicative of a potential bias; and evaluating the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business. |
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REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED |
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Audit testing was completed on a targeted sample basis based on our assessment of risk and materiality. Due to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that we may not have detected some material misstatements in the financial statements, even though we have properly planned and performed our audit in accordance with auditing standards. For example, as with any audit, there remained a higher risk of non-detection of irregularities, as these may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal controls. We are not responsible for preventing fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations and cannot be expected to detect all fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations. |
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As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK), we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also: |
- | Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. |
- | Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the company's internal control. |
- | Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors. |
- | Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our Report of the Auditors to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our Report of the Auditors. However, future events or conditions may cause the company to cease to continue as a going concern. |
- | Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. |
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We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. |
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Use of our report |
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. |
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for and on behalf of
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Chartered accountants & statutory auditors |
Stone House |
Stone Road Business Park |
Stoke-On-Trent |
ST4 6SR |
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SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
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STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
Notes | $ | $ |
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TURNOVER | 4 |
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Cost of sales |
( |
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( |
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GROSS PROFIT |
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Administrative expenses | ( |
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(1,008,417 | ) | (385,175 | ) |
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Other operating income |
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OPERATING LOSS | 6 | ( |
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Interest receivable and similar income |
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(481,087 | ) | 444,559 |
Gain/loss on revaluation of assets | (265,222 | ) | 509,000 |
(746,309 | ) | 953,559 |
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Interest payable and similar expenses | 7 | ( |
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(LOSS)/PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION | ( |
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Tax on (loss)/profit | 8 |
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( |
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(LOSS)/PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL
YEAR |
( |
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OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |
Revaluation of tangible assets | ( |
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Transfer to undistributable reserves |
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( |
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Income tax relating to components of
other comprehensive income |
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OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR, NET OF INCOME TAX |
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TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR |
( |
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SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
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STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION |
31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
Notes | $ | $ |
FIXED ASSETS |
Intangible assets | 9 |
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Tangible assets | 10 |
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Investments | 11 |
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CURRENT ASSETS |
Stocks | 12 |
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Debtors: amounts falling due within one
year |
13 |
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Debtors: amounts falling due after more
than one year |
13 |
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Cash at bank |
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CREDITORS |
Amounts falling due within one year | 14 |
( |
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( |
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NET CURRENT ASSETS |
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TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT
LIABILITIES |
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CREDITORS |
Amounts falling due after more than one
year |
15 |
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( |
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NET ASSETS |
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CAPITAL AND RESERVES |
Called up share capital | 19 |
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Undistributable reserves | 20 |
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Retained earnings | 20 |
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SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS |
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The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on
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SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
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STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
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Called up |
share | Retained | Undistributable | Total |
capital | earnings | reserves | equity |
$ | $ | $ | $ |
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Balance at 1 January 2019 |
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in equity |
Total comprehensive income | - |
|
|
|
Balance at 31 December 2019 |
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in equity |
Total comprehensive income | - | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) |
Balance at 31 December 2020 |
|
|
|
|
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
1. | STATUTORY INFORMATION |
|
Sigma ASL Limited is a
|
|
The presentation currency of the financial statements is the US Dollar ($). |
|
|
2. | STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE |
|
|
|
3. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
|
Basis of preparing the financial statements |
|
|
Financial Reporting Standard 102 - reduced disclosure exemptions |
The company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemptions in preparing these financial statements, as permitted by FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland": |
|
• | the requirements of Section 7 Statement of Cash Flows; |
• |
the requirements of paragraphs 11.42, 11.44, 11.45, 11.47, 11.48(a)(iii), 11.48(a)(iv), 11.48(b) and
11.48(c); |
• | the requirements of paragraphs 12.26, 12.27, 12.29(a), 12.29(b) and 12.29A. |
|
Significant judgements and estimates |
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. These estimates and judgements are continually reviewed and are based on experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. |
|
The judgements (apart from those involving estimations) that management has made in the process of applying the entity's accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements are as follows: |
|
(i) Estimated useful lives and residual values of fixed assets |
|
As described in notes to the financial statements, depreciation of tangible fixed assets has been based on estimated useful lives and residual values deemed appropriate by the directors. Estimated useful lives and residual values are reviewed annually and revised as appropriate. Revisions take into account estimated useful lives used by other companies operating in the sector and actual asset lives and residual values, as evidenced by disposals during the current and prior accounting periods. |
|
(ii) Provisions |
|
Provision is made for obsolete and slow moving stock. These provisions require management's best estimate of net realisable values. |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
3. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
|
Going concern |
The company has made loss in the amount of $763,419 in the financial year to 31 December 2020. Following the end of the reporting period the company has experienced lower than expected sales levels but has achieved positive EBITDA and PAT positions up to 31 October 2021. |
|
The company has the continued support of its bankers, other lenders and creditors and has managed its cash flow position effectively . The directors believe this is sufficient for the company to continue to trade for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the accounts have been prepared on a going concern basis. Covid-19 has impacted sales during the financial year to 31 December 2020, particularly during April and May due to manufacturing plant closures across the NAFTA and EU regions. |
|
During 2021 The Company has been able to reduce its usage of the current bank provided conventional confidential Invoice financing facility in favour of a more cost effective customer sponsored Supplier Finance option, providing enhanced cash flow management options. The Company and its bank also cooperated closely together to provide further working capital via achieving a large increase in its LC facility and at the same time reduce finance charges from third party lenders. EBITDA for the period January to October 2021 is $836k. |
|
Revenue recognition |
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents the amount receivable for goods supplied or services rendered, net of returns, discounts and rebates allowed by the company and value added taxes. |
|
Intangible assets |
Intangible assets are initially measured at cost. After initial recognition, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. |
|
Development costs are being amortised evenly over their estimated useful life based on the sales lifecycle of each project. Amortisation is charged from the date economic benefits are realised by the company. |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
3. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
|
Tangible fixed assets |
|
Short leasehold | - |
|
Plant and machinery | - |
|
Fixtures and fittings | - |
|
Motor vehicles | - |
|
|
Tangible assets are initially recorded at cost, and subsequently stated at cost less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Any tangible assets carried at revalued amounts are recorded at the fair value at the date of revaluation less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses. |
|
An increase in the carrying amount of an asset as a result of a revaluation, is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity, except to the extent it reverses a revaluation decrease of the same asset previously recognised in profit or loss. A decrease in the carrying amount of an asset as a result of revaluation, is recognised in other comprehensive income to the extent of any previously recognised revaluation increase accumulated in equity in respect of that asset. Where a revaluation decrease exceeds the accumulated revaluation gains accumulated in equity in respect of that asset, the excess shall be recognised in profit or loss. |
|
A review for indicators of impairment is carried out at each reporting date, with the recoverable amount being estimated where such indicators exist. Where the carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount, the asset is impaired accordingly. Prior impairments are also reviewed for possible reversal at each reporting date. |
|
Investments in associates |
Investments in associate undertakings are recognised at cost. |
|
Investments in associates accounted for in accordance with the cost model are recorded at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Dividends and other distributions received from the investment are recognised as income without regard to whether the distributions are from accumulated profits of the associate arising before or after the date of acquisition. |
|
Stocks |
Stocks are measured at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost includes all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the stock to its present location and condition. |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
3. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
|
Financial instruments |
A financial asset or a financial liability is recognised only when the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. |
|
Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at the transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where it is recognised at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument. |
|
Other financial instruments, including derivatives, are initially recognised at fair value, unless payment for an asset is deferred beyond normal business terms or financed at a rate of interest that is not a market rate, in which case the asset is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument. |
|
Financial assets that are measured at cost or amortised cost are reviewed for objective evidence of impairment at the end of each reporting date. If there is objective evidence of impairment, an impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately. |
|
For all equity instruments regardless of significance, and other financial assets that are individually significant, these are assessed individually for impairment. Other financial assets are either assessed individually or grouped on the basis of similar credit risk characteristics. |
|
Any reversals of impairment are recognised in profit or loss immediately, to the extent that the reversal does not result in a carrying amount of the financial asset that exceeds what the carrying amount would have been had the impairment not previously been recognised. |
|
Financial instruments are measured initially and subsequently at fair value. |
|
Cash flows arising on derivative instruments used to hedge the company's exposure to transactions in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement when the hedged transaction takes place. |
|
Corporation tax |
Taxation for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. |
|
Current or deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted. |
|
Current tax is recognised at the amount of tax payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the statement of financial position date. |
|
Deferred tax |
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the statement of financial position date. |
|
Timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in financial statements. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year end and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference. |
|
Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
3. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
|
Foreign currencies |
Assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rates of exchange ruling at the statement of financial position date. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rate of exchange ruling at the date of transaction. Exchange differences are taken into account in arriving at the operating result. |
|
Hire purchase and leasing commitments |
Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the period of the lease. |
|
Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits |
The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable to the company's pension scheme are charged to profit or loss in the period to which they relate. |
|
Exceptional items |
Exceptional items are disclosed separately in the financial statements in order to provide further understanding of the financial performance of the entity. They are material items of income or expense that have been shown separately because of their nature or amount. |
|
4. | TURNOVER |
|
The turnover and loss (2019 - profit) before taxation are attributable to the principal activities of the company. |
|
An analysis of turnover by geographical market is given below: |
|
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
United Kingdom |
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Rest of the World | 26,682,425 | 50,933,378 |
|
|
|
5. | EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Wages and salaries |
|
|
Social security costs |
|
|
Other pension costs |
|
|
|
|
|
The average number of employees during the year was as follows: |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
|
Directors, management and staff | 18 | 14 |
Korea office | 10 | 13 |
|
|
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
5. | EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS - continued |
|
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Directors' remuneration |
|
|
|
The number of directors to whom retirement benefits were accruing was as follows: |
|
Defined benefit schemes |
|
|
|
Information regarding the highest paid director is as follows: |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Emoluments etc |
|
|
|
6. | OPERATING (LOSS)/PROFIT |
|
The operating loss (2019 - operating profit) is stated after charging/(crediting): |
|
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Hire of plant and machinery |
|
|
Depreciation - owned assets |
|
|
Audtor's remuneration |
|
|
Foreign exchange differences |
|
( |
) |
|
7. | INTEREST PAYABLE AND SIMILAR EXPENSES |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Bank interest |
|
|
Factoring interest |
|
|
Other interest payable |
|
|
|
|
|
8. | TAXATION |
|
Analysis of the tax (credit)/charge |
The tax (credit)/charge on the loss for the year was as follows: |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Current tax: |
UK corporation tax | ( |
) |
|
period | - | 1,934 |
|
Tax on (loss)/profit | ( |
) |
|
|
UK corporation tax was charged at 19%) in 2019. |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
8. | TAXATION - continued |
|
Reconciliation of total tax (credit)/charge included in profit and loss |
The tax assessed for the year is higher than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK. The difference is explained below: |
|
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
(Loss)/profit before tax | ( |
) |
|
(Loss)/profit multiplied by the standard rate of corporation tax in the
UK of |
( |
) |
|
|
Effects of: |
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes | ( |
) | ( |
) |
Capital allowances in excess of depreciation | ( |
) | ( |
) |
Group relief | - | (7,591 | ) |
Adjustments in respect of prior periods | - | 1,934 |
branch |
Corporation tax losses adjustments | 150,590 | - |
Total tax (credit)/charge | (114,930 | ) | 1,934 |
|
Tax effects relating to effects of other comprehensive income |
|
31.12.20 |
Gross | Tax | Net |
$ | $ | $ |
Revaluation of tangible assets | ( |
) | - | (265,222 | ) |
Transfer to undistributable reserves |
|
- | 265,222 |
- | - | - |
|
31.12.19 |
Gross | Tax | Net |
$ | $ | $ |
Revaluation of tangible assets |
|
- | 509,000 |
Transfer to undistributable reserves | ( |
) | - | (509,000 | ) |
- | - | - |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
9. | INTANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS |
Developme |
costs |
$ |
COST |
At 1 January 2020 |
|
Additions |
|
At 31 December 2020 |
|
NET BOOK VALUE |
At 31 December 2020 |
|
At 31 December 2019 |
|
|
10. | TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS |
Fixtures |
Short | Plant and | and | Motor |
leasehold | machinery | fittings | vehicles | Totals |
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ |
COST |
At 1 January 2020 |
|
|
|
|
|
Additions |
|
|
|
|
|
At 31 December 2020 |
|
|
|
|
|
DEPRECIATION |
At 1 January 2020 |
|
|
|
|
|
Charge for year |
|
|
|
|
|
At 31 December 2020 |
|
|
|
|
|
NET BOOK VALUE |
At 31 December 2020 |
|
|
|
|
|
At 31 December 2019 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
11. | FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS |
Interest |
in |
associate |
$ |
COST OR VALUATION |
At 1 January 2020 |
|
Revaluations | ( |
) |
At 31 December 2020 |
|
NET BOOK VALUE |
At 31 December 2020 |
|
At 31 December 2019 |
|
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
11. | FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS - continued |
|
Cost or valuation at 31 December 2020 is represented by: |
|
Interest |
in |
associate |
$ |
Valuation in 2019 | 979,318 |
Valuation in 2020 | (265,222 | ) |
714,096 |
|
The company's investments at the Statement of Financial Position date in the share capital of companies include the following: |
|
Associated company |
|
|
Registered office: Sigma Manufacturing Solution 29, Mieumsandan-ro 76beon-gil Gangseo, Busan, Korea. |
Nature of business: |
% |
Class of shares: | holding |
|
|
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Aggregate capital and reserves |
|
|
(Loss)/profit for the year | ( |
) |
|
|
12. | STOCKS |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Stocks |
|
|
|
13. | DEBTORS |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Amounts falling due within one year: |
Trade debtors |
|
|
Amounts owed by group undertakings |
|
|
Other debtors |
|
|
Directors' current accounts | 4,491 | 4,491 |
Tax |
|
|
VAT |
|
|
Prepayments and accrued income |
|
|
|
|
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
13. | DEBTORS - continued |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Amounts falling due after more than one year: |
Amounts owed by group undertakings |
|
|
|
Aggregate amounts |
|
|
|
The amounts due after more than one year relate to a group company loan to Sigma Commercial Products Limited. Interest is charged at LIBOR + 3.5% per annum, repayment of the loan will begin in financial year 31 December 2022 and the loan is scheduled to be fully repaid by 31st December 2040. Sigma Commercial Products Limited (SCP) has net liabilities of $14.7m as a result of the loan, and a loss before tax, after accruing the loan interest for the December 2020 year end. The sales and cash flow forecasts support the loan repayment schedule and the directors do not consider the asset to be impaired. |
|
14. | CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Bank loans and overdrafts (see note 16) |
|
|
Other loans (see note 16) |
|
|
Trade creditors |
|
|
Amounts owed to group undertakings |
|
|
Tax |
|
|
Social security and other taxes |
|
|
VAT | - | 10,854 |
Other creditors |
|
|
Factoring account | 4,431,564 | 4,909,211 |
Accruals and deferred income |
|
|
|
|
|
The aggregate amount of creditors for which security has been given amounted to $4,431,564 (2019 $4,909,211). |
|
15. |
CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE AFTER MORE THAN ONE
YEAR |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Other loans (see note 16) |
|
|
|
16. | LOANS |
|
An analysis of the maturity of loans is given below: |
|
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Amounts falling due within one year or on demand: |
Bank overdrafts |
|
|
Other loans |
|
|
|
|
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
16. | LOANS - continued |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Amounts falling due between one and two years: |
Other loans - 1-2 years | - |
|
|
17. | LEASING AGREEMENTS |
|
Minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases fall due as follows: |
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
Within one year |
|
|
Between one and five years |
|
|
|
|
|
18. | SECURED DEBTS |
|
A debenture dated 6 November 2007 exists between the company and HSBC Bank Plc. |
|
A contract monies charge dated 11 March 2011 exists between the company and HSBC Bank |
Plc. |
|
The invoice financing is secured by a fixed and floating charge over all property and assets present and future. The charge is in favour of HSBC Invoice Finance (UK) Limited dated 31 December 2007. |
|
The company is party to an unlimited Multilateral Guarantee dated 8 March 2018 covering all the UK companies across the group, The Guarantee is in favour of HSBC Bank Plc. |
|
19. | CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL |
|
|
|
Allotted, issued and fully paid: |
Number: | Class: | Nominal | 31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
value: | $ | $ |
|
Ordinary shares | $1.5 | 3 | 3 |
|
Preference shares | $1.61 | 6 | 2,082,676 | 2,082,676 |
2,082,679 | 2,082,679 |
|
20. | RESERVES |
Retained | Undistributable |
earnings | reserves | Totals |
$ | $ | $ |
|
At 1 January 2020 |
|
|
5,785,580 |
Deficit for the year | ( |
) | ( |
) |
Transfer to/from |
undistributable reserves | 265,222 | (265,222 | ) | - |
At 31 December 2020 |
|
|
5,022,161 |
SIGMA ASL LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02913195) |
|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 |
|
|
21. | ULTIMATE PARENT COMPANY |
|
The ultimate parent undertaking is SAL Group Limited, a company registered in England and Wales. SAL Group Limited is the only group company that prepares consolidated financial statements, including the accounts of this company. A copy of the financial statements can be obtained from the registered office; being Ground Floor Progress House 41 Progress Road, Eastwood, Leigh On Sea, Essex, England, SS9 5PR. |
|
22. | DIRECTORS' ADVANCES, CREDITS AND GUARANTEES |
|
The following advances and credits to a director subsisted during the years ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019: |
|
31.12.20 | 31.12.19 |
$ | $ |
|
Balance outstanding at start of year |
|
|
Amounts repaid |
|
|
Amounts written off | - | - |
Amounts waived | - | - |
Balance outstanding at end of year |
|
|
|
Amounts advanced to the director are unsecured, interest free, have no fixed date of repayment and are repayable on demand. |
|
23. | RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES |
|
The company has taken advantage of exemption, under the terms of Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland', not to disclose related party transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries within the group. |
|
1) During the year the company undertook transactions with Sigma Manufacturing Solutions, a participating interest of the company, as follows: Amounts owed to related party at 1 January 2020 $2,309,290, receipts from the related party $9,146 , purchases from related party $10,629,653 and payments to related party $10,833,104. Amounts owed to related party at 31 December 2020 $2,096,693. |
|
2) During the year the company undertook transaction with Sigma SAL LLC, an equal shareholder of SAL Group Limited, the parent company. The transactions with the related party during the year are as follows: Amounts owed to related party at 1 January 2020 $350,248, interest charged on amounts due $13,972. Amounts owed to related party at 31 December 2020 $364,221. |
|
The amounts borrowed from Sigma SAL LLC are without the provision of interest, therefore in line with FRS102 the loan repayable has been discounted to net present value, at a market rate, up to the date of repayment in the financial year 31st March 2024. |
|
Key management personnel compensation is shown in the staff costs above. |
|
24. | POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS |
|
Other than events noted within the strategic report, there was no other material post balance sheet events up to the date of approval of the financial statements by the Board. |